人間と生活環境　vol.02
人間の食行動と健康

泉谷 希光
共立女子大学 栄養食品研究室

Human Food Behavior and Health

Maremitsu IZUMITANI
Laboratory of Food and Nutrition Kyoritsu Women's University

A study on the nutritional ecology and epidemiology surveyed in farming region in Yamagata, for 30 years since 1955, and in Mexico OAXACA Indio District for 20 years since 1972. As a result the following problems were pointed out.
1. The requirements of ecological nutrition have never been instituted corresponding to light and mental labor.
2. In proportion to much intake of protein, the adult diseases have been increased. And a large quantity of protein included in food causes many problems such of allergies and indisposition of internal secretion, pregnancy, and lactation.
3. The most suitable nutritional requirement will be confirmed by investigating the historical and cultural alimentary habits.
(Received: June 15, 1 995 Accepted: June 19, 1995)
Key words: nutritional ecology, health, food pattern
　農村で30年、メキシコインディオ居留地で20余年に渡って、栄養生態学・疫学的手法を用いて食行動と健康について調査し、次のような問題点が指摘された。
１． 軽労働、精神労働に対応した栄養生態学的な栄養要求量が確立されていない。
２． タンパク質摂取量の量的増大と質的増加による成人病の増加によって、アレルギー、内分泌系の異常、妊娠・母乳分泌の異常が見られる。
３． 文化的習慣的な食の栄養的価値の再評価の必要性が指摘される。
キーワード： 栄養生態学、健康、食形態
(J.Human and Living Environment), 2(1), 2/7, 1995
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建築環境と健康

楢崎 正也
摂南大学

Indoor Environment and Human Health

Masaya NARASAKI
Department of Architecture, Setsunan University

First, I mentioned indoor environment. Second, I urged the need of reassessment of the regulation of sunshine, natural lighting and ventilation of living areas under the Building Standard Law, to prevent environmental deterioration. Next, I suggested a proper way of maintaining the air-tightness of buildings in relation to energy conservation. And, as it was hard to evaluate a healthy and pleasant environment, checking on whether the minimum requirements for all environmental factors in buildings are secured or not, was proposed. Finally, I gave my personal comment on a healthy house and healthy ways of living at home in Japan.
(Received: March 31, 1995 Accepted:June 14, 1995)
Key words: discourse, indoor environment, Building Standard Law, evaluation of a healthy environment and a healthy house
　先ず、建築環境について説明している。次に、環境悪化防止の目的で設けられた建築基準法における日照と居室の採光および換気の規制について再検討の必要性を説いている。更に、省エネルギーに関連して建物の気密性のあり方についての提言をしている。続いて、健康で快適な環境評価は難しく、各環境要素の最低限必要な許容限界値を建築が先ず確保しているかどうかの調査を提案している。最後に、日本における健康な住宅あるいは健康な住まい方についての私見をのべている。
キーワード： 総説、室内環境、建築基準法、健康環境の評価、健康住宅
(J.Human and Living Environment), 2(1), 8/12, 1995
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寒地の生活環境とエネルギー

落藤 澄、横山 真太郎、中村 真人
北海道大学

Indoor Climate and Energy Conservation in Hokkaido

Kiyoshi OCHIFUJI, Shintaro YOKOYAMA and Masato NAKAMURA
Hokkaido University
Recently, air-tight energy-efficient houses have been increasing in Japan, especially in Hokkaido, the most nothern island. The new houses have a comfortable thermal environment and consume less energy for heating than the existent ones. It is, however, assumed that indoor air quality is debased in terms of its effects on human health. We discuss present and future problems of indoor environment and energy consumption in Hokkaido. We have been making simultaneous measurements of the multi-components of indoor air quality in Japanese houses composed of three fabric types since 1986 Measured items: 1) air temperature, 2) air humidity, 3) carbon monoxide, 4) carbon dioxide, 5) suspended particles, 6) airborne bacteria, 7) airborne fungi and 8) radon daughters. Radon was measured with the electrostatic integrating monitor method. We have investigated energy consumption for dwelling and discuss energy conservation for heating in the terms of thermal insulation and air tightness. We also discuss how to use solar energy, waste heat and other untapped energy. These utilization of these types of energy for heating and cooling should be taken into consideration when planning infrastructures.
(Received: April 13, 1995 Accepted: May 29, 1995)
Key words: air quality, thermal environment, energy conservation
　最近の寒地建物の気密性能はよくなり、省エネルギーならびに室内温熱環境は著しく改善された。しかし、その反面、室内で発生する水蒸気、臭気、燃焼ガス、有害物質などが室内に蓄積され、空気環境は一般に悪くなる傾向にある。著者らが実測を行ってきた対象住宅は新旧を取り混ぜた住宅19戸、２年間の四季を通じて19戸に対する調査例数58であり、測定項目は気温、湿度、CO2、CO、浮遊粉塵、最近、真菌、ラドン嬢核種およびラドンの９項目である。それらの分析結果をもとにして、室内環境の現状とその対策を含めた将来展望を述べる。一方、生活環境とエネルギーの消費量との関係、北海道における住宅の省エネルギーの考え方と高断熱・高気密性の効果について紹介する。また、自然エネルギー、排熱、未利用エネルギーの利用の可能性を検討し、エネルギー資源利用率なる概念を導入して評価するとともに、個別の住宅と同時にまちづくりのなかで新しいエネルギー供給体系をつくるという発送も必要であることを述べる。
キーワード： 空気質、温熱環境、省エネルギー
(J.Human and Living Environment), 2(1), 13/21, 1995
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人体表面の温度点分布（第１報）
冷点分布密度の部位差

李 旭子、田村 照子
文化女子大学家政学部

Thermal Spot over Human Body Surface (Part I )
Regional Difference in Cold Spot Distribution

Uk-ja LEE and Teruko TAMURA
Faculty of Home Economics, Bunka Women's University

In order to clarify the factors contributing to the regional difference in cold sensitivity, cold spot distribution over the human body was investigated by a mapping method in a climatic chamber (28 ± 0.5℃). Sammi temperature apparatus, the tip of which was controlled at a temperature of 10 ± 0.5℃ was used for the stimulator. The subiects were 9 femele students and the measurements were conducted on the 25 body regions. The results showed that cold spots were distributed in the 8-23 per cm2 range, the highest on the face and the lowest on the leg. The correlation coefficients between cold sensitivity and cold spot distribution were highly significant (r=0.7-0.8) excluding the palm and sole. The percent of coincidence among two maps obtained on the same area and in the same subject in a I hour interval showed that the mapping method was reliable for evaluating cold spot distribution.
(Received: September 30, 1994 Accepted: December 21, 1994)
Key words: cold spots, mapping, regional differences, cold sensitivity
　人体表面における冷感覚の部位差に寄与する要因を明らかにする目的で、マッピング法を用いて、人体表面の冷点分布を測定した。被験者は９名、人工気候室は28±0.5℃に調整された。冷刺激負荷には、サンミ温覚計の先端部分を直径0.5mm、先端温度10±0.5℃に改良したものが用いられた。結果、
(1) 冷点密度は８〜23／cm2に分布し、部位による差異が認められた。平均として顔面が最も高く、下腿では最も低い値が得られた。
(2) 冷点密度と冷感受性の相関は、手掌と足底を除くとｒ=0.7〜0.8と有意で、手掌足底以外の皮膚面では冷点密度は、冷感受性の大きな要因と考えられる。
(3) 同一部位、同一被験者について１時間間隔で測定した２つのマップの一致度により、冷点分布密度を評価する手法としてのマッピング法が信頼しうるものであることが明らかとなった。
キーワード： 冷点、マッピング、部位差、冷感受性
(J.Human and Living Environment), 2(1), 30/36, 1995
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人体表面の温度点分布（第２報）
冷点分布密度の部位差

田村 照子、李 旭子
文化女子大学家政学部

Thermal Spot over Human Body Surface (Part ll)
Regional Difference in Warm Spot Distribution

Teruko TAMURA and Uk-ja LEE
Faculty of Home Economics, Bunka Women's University

Warm spot distribution over the human body was examined by means of a newly developed stimulator, the tip temperature of which was controlled at 40 ± 0.5℃ by circulating hot water. The sub-iects were 10 female students and the measurements were conducted on 25 body regions. The tests showed that warm spots were distributed in the range of 1-6/cm2, high in the face, nape and forearm, and low in the leg. The warm spot distribution had a close relationship with the warm sensitivity over the dorsal surface of the body but not over the ventral surface. The reliability of warm spot mapping was also confirmed in th' t d It was clarified th t the results of warm spot distribution were hi hly in Is s u y. a fluenced by the location of the map and this should be the reason for the large individual difference in warm spot density.
(Received: September 30, 1994 Accepted: December 21, 1994)
Key words: warm spot, regional difference, mapping, warm sensitivity
　人体表面の温点分布密度を新しく開発された温刺激負荷装置を用いて調査した。装置は、先端の温度が循環水によって40±0.5℃に調整されるものである。被験者は10名、測定部位は25部位である。結果として、温点は１〜６/cm2の範囲に分布し、顔面、後頸、前腕で高く、下腿で低い値を示した。温点密度は、人体後面において温感受性と密接な関係を示したが、前面においては、低い関係しかみられなかった。本研究においては、温点マッピングの信頼性も確認され、温点の結果にはマップの位置が大きく影響すること、このことが温点の個体差や測定誤差の理由であろうと考察された。
キーワード： 温点、部位差、マッピング、温感受性
(J.Human and Living Environment), 2(1), 37/42, 1995
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高齢者の温熱感覚特性に関する簡易温冷覚刺激装置を用いた検討

都築 和代
生命工学工業技術研究所 人間環境システム部システム設計研究室

A Study on the Thermal-Sensitivity Characteristics of
the Elderly by Means of a Simple Thermostimulator

Kazuyo TSUZUKI-HAYAKAWA
National Institute of Bioscience and Human-Technology

This study was conducted to investigate the thermal-sensitivities of the elderly. A simple th mostimulator was used for making a quantitative assessment of the thermal sensitivity of the skin. Wietrh this apparatus, temperatures at which the subjects felt either warm or cold were recorded, and the difference between the two temperatures was termed the thermal discrimination threshold. Ambient air temper ature and skin temperatures at the finger, palm and back of the hand were also measured. The clothing insulation for each individual subject was estimated from his/her particular clothing ensemble. Th were no significant differences in the warm, cold and thermal discrimination thresholds between the ol~:er and control groups, in spite of the fact that the skin temperature at the back of the hand and clothing in sulation for the older group were significantly lower and higher respectively than those for the control group. The relationships between the cold threshold and both the air temperature and skin temperature at the back of the hand were observed to be significant in the case of the older group.
(Received: June 5, 1995 Accepted: July 25, 1995)
Key words: elderly, cold threshold, thermal-sensitivity, skin temperature, clothing insulation
　本研究は、高齢者の温熱感受性を調べるために行われた。皮膚の温熱感受性を定量化するために簡易温冷覚刺激装置が用いられた。この装置を使って、被験者の温冷覚閾値とその差から求められる温度差識別閾値を測定した。また、周囲気温や手の指先、手掌、手背などの皮膚温もまた測定された。個々の被験者の衣服断熱性が、それぞれの着用している重ね着から推定された。主な結果は、高齢群の方が対照群よりも手背皮膚温は有意に低く、着衣量は有意に多いにも関わらず、温冷覚閾値、温度差識別閾値に関しては、高齢群と対照群との間に有意な差を認めなかった。高齢群においてのみ冷覚閾値と手背皮膚温および周囲気温との有意な相関関係が認められた。
キーワード： 高齢者、冷覚閾値、皮膚温、周囲気温
(J.Human and Living Environment), 2(1), 43/47, 1995
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脚部放射加熱時の温熱快適性に関する研究

寺野 真明*、片山 弘典*、釜谷 周滋*、久野 覚**
*松下電工(株) 評価技術センター　**名古屋大学工学部建築学科

Study on Thermal Comfort When Legs are Heated by Radiation

Masaaki TERANO*, Kousuke KATAYAMA* , Syuuji KAMAYA*, Satoru KUNO**
*Matsusita Electric Works, Ltd.,
**Department of Architecture, School of Engineering, Nagoya University
We investigated thermal comfort during leg heating with hot panels and performed experiments to determine which factors affect thermal comfort. We especially focused our attention on two types of thermal non-uniformities caused by heating with hot panels: the non-uniformity between the up-per and lower halves of the body and 2) the shin and calf. We attempted to explain thermal comfort in terms of these factors. Three men and three women participated in the experiments. Three to seven heat-ing panels were prepared for the experiments. A main panel was placed in front of the participant's legs. Others were placed on the side of participant's legs. By changing the number of panels (30 cm, 60 cm and 90 cm), we controlled thermal non-uniformity between shin and calf. Surface temperatures of the panels were also changed (50℃, 60℃ and 70℃). The air temperature in the climatic chamber was set at 17℃, 19℃ and 21℃ with a relative humidity of 500/0. Thermal sensation vote, thermal comfort vote and thermal sensation of various parts of the body were measured. In order to express thermal non-uniformities, radiant temperature asymmetry (RTA) and plane radiant temperature (PRT) were also measured. The following results were obtained:
(1) Thermal comfort was higher for long side panels than for short side panels.
(2) Thermal comfort when legs were heated by radiation is explainable in terms of three factors: operative temperature at the center of the body, the heat balance between the upper and lower halves of the body and local non-uniformity of the legs.
(Received: March 31, 1995 Accepted:July 25, 1995)
Key words: thermal comfort, thermal sensation, thermal radiation, uneven
　暖放射パネルによる脚部加熱時の温熱快適性と、その影響要因について実験的に検討した。人体の上半身─下半身方向と、すね─ふくらはぎ間に発生する熱的不均一性に着目し、これらを用いて温熱快適性の説明を試みた。実験には数枚の暖放射パネルを用いた。主パネルは脚部前方に、他は脚部側方に設置し、側面長さを30、60、90cmと変化させ、すね─ふくらはぎ間の熱的不均一性を変化させた。パネル表面温度は,50、60、70℃、室内空気温度は17、19、21℃、相対湿度50％とした。被験者には健康な男女６名を用い、温冷感、快適感、様々な部位別感覚量と人体各部の放射の不均一性（RTA）および平面放射温度（PRT）を測定した。以下に得られた結果を述べる：
(1) 側面パネルにより温熱快適性は大きく向上する。
(2) 脚部放射加熱時の温熱快適性は作用温度、上半身─下半身熱バランス、脚部の熱的不均一性の３要因により説明が可能である。
キーワード： 温熱快適性、熱放射、不均一
(J.Human and Living Environment), 2(1), 48/57, 1995
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使用者からみた合併処理浄化槽の設置理由と設置後の評価
─し尿処理をくみ取りから合併処理浄化槽にした場合─

小林 定教
福山大学工学部

Reasons for Installation and Evaluation of Onsite Domestic Sewage Treatment Tank: the Change from Night Soil Collection to Onsite Domestic Sewage Treatment Tanks

Sadanori KOBAYASHI
Faculty of Engineering, Fukuyama University

In spite of demands for modernization of living styles and comfortable living environments, some living-related facilities have not yet been adopted nationwide. Among them are flush toilet and sew-age treatment facilities, for which implementation is urgent. I began making field surveys of urban and surrounding areas and depopulated areas of the Bingo district in western Japan, which features topog-raphical variations, for the purpose of collecting fundamental data about the propagation of onsite domes-tic sewage treatment tanks and water preservation over the coming years. The survey took into account the effects of the propagation of onsite domestic sewage treatment tanks on daily life, changes in attitudes towards the environment (which is gaining a lot of attention these days) and usage problems with onsite domestic sewage treatment tanks from the users' standpoint. Onsite domestic sewage treatment tanks were highly favored as countermeasures to water pollution, and a way to improve household hygiene, reduce odors, improve living conditions and the environment etc. while the reduction of installation and maintenance costs and various other improvements were also in high demand.
(Received: March 30, 1 995 Accepted: July 25, 1 995)
Key words: onsite domestic sewage treatment tank, night soil, night soil collection, water pollution, waste water, evaluation, user
　生活の近代化、快適な生活環境への要請は強いが、いまだ満たされていない生活設備の一つとして、水洗設備、生活雑排水処理設備があげられ、その早急な実現が求められている。本研究は、使用者からみた合併処理浄化槽の設置に関する問題点ならびに設置後の評価をみるため、その設置者を対象にアンケート調査を行い、全回答の内、設置前はし尿処理をくみ取りにより行っていた人の回答について考察したものである。アンケート調査は、地形の変化に富む広島県東部の都市周辺、および過疎地域の浄化槽使用者を対象に、現在問題となっている環境に対する関心度、浄化槽の設置が住環境に及ぼした影響、および浄化槽の評価・使用上の問題点に関して行った。その結果をみると、小型合併処理浄化槽の設置については、水質汚濁対策、家の中の衛生面、臭気の減少、生活環境の改善などにおいて高い評価を得る一方、設備費、維持管理費の低廉化および種々の改善が望まれている。
キーワード： 合併処理浄化槽、し尿、くみ取、水質汚濁、雑排水、評価、使用者
(J.Human and Living Environment), 2(1), 58/66, 1995
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台所における生ごみ臭の実態と評価

光田 恵*、磯田 憲生**、久保 博子**、梁瀬 度子**
*奈良女子大学大学院人間文化研究所
**奈良女子大学生活環境学部

Actual State and Evaluation of Kitchen Garbage Odor in the Kitchen

Megumi MITSUDA*, Norio ISODA**, Hiroko KUBO** and Takuko YANASE**
*Greduate Faculty of Humau Life and Culture, Nara Women's University
**Faculty of Human Life and Environment, Nara Women's University

We surveyed detached houses and multiple dwellings to show the actual state of garbage odor in the kitchen. The survey included measurements of air temperature, relative humidity and globe temperature in the kitchen, temperature and odor sensor value at the place of garbage storage. Housewives were questioned aubot the time used for household work in the kitchen, storage conditions of garbage, odor sensation (odor intensity, unpleasantness, quality of odor and tolerance). We measured odors using two kinds of odor sensors. One of them responds to the odor of hydrogen sulfide, and its measured value is correlated to evaluations of odor sensation. The length of time when the odor sensor value exceeded the acceptable level of garbage odor in the kitchen was influenced considerably by the storage time of the garbage and the state of storage container. The total length of time exceeding the acceptable level was about one third of the period measured for the house as a whole.
(Received: May 1 6, 1 995 Accepted.' July 25, 1 995)
Key words: garbage odor, kitchen, odor sensation, odor sensor value
　集合住宅と一戸建て住宅を対象として、台所における生ごみ臭の実態把握を行うために実測調査を行った。測定は夏季に行い、台所の温度、湿度、グローブ温度、生ごみ仮置きしている場所の温度、生ごみ置き場付近のニオイセンサ値を測定し、主婦に、台所での佐合状況、生ごみの廃棄時間、台所に生ごみを仮置きする時間や容器の種類、臭気感覚（臭気強度、不快度、臭気の質、容認性）を申告してもらった。ニオイセンサは、主に硫化水素とアンモニア臭に反応する２種類を用いたが、硫化水素臭に反応するニオイセンサは、測定値と生ごみ臭の臭気感覚評価と対応が見られた。強度評価とニオイセンサ値の間系から、各住宅の台所での生ごみ臭の発生が許容レベル以上である時間を検討すると、生ごみを仮置きする時間や仮置きに用いる容器の開閉状態との関連が見られた。また、一般的な住宅で許容レベルを超えている時間の合計は、調査期間のおよそ1/3である。
キーワード： 生ごみ臭、臭気感覚、ニオイセンサ値
(J.Human and Living Environment), 2(1), 67/74, 1995
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運動による発汗後の水分補給の実態と飲食指導

島村 実花*、中尾 芙美子**、金子 佳代子***
*専修大学付属高等学校　**東京健康科学専門学校　***横浜国立大学教育学部

Fluid Replacement after Sweating Caused by Physical Exercise and Guidance of Eating and Drinking after Exercise

Mika SHIMAMURA*, Fumiko NAKAO**, Kayoko KANEKO***
*Senshu University Senior High School. **Tokyo College of Wellness Sciences
***Faculty of Education, Yokohama National University

Exp. I: Sweat rate, fluid intake and water debt during and after exercise were estimated in 62 university athletic club students. Their water intake in meals after exercise was also calculated. Exp. II: Effect of the kind of drink {a: tea (no sugar or sodium), b, c: carbohydrate-electrolyte beveragel, 2, d: soft drink (sugar), e: carbonated beverage (sugar), f: coffee with milk (sugar) } for one hour after exercise and the amount of each beverage was compared and temperature of drinks (10℃, 70℃) and ambient temperature (25℃, 35℃) were estimated. Exp. 111: Effect of salt content (5.0g, 2.5g) of meal on fluid intake until going to bed were estimated after exercise. The results were as follows:
(l) Even if allowed to drink as much as they want for one hour after exercise, their water debt was not recovered, but they took about 1 Iiter of water from the meal, and their water debt was likely to have been recovered by the time of sleep.
(2) They were not able to drink as large amount of tea as sports drinks (b,c) or soft drinks (d,e,f) and neither temperature of the drink nor of the room effected fluid intake.
(3) Low-salt meal slightly reduced fluid intake before going to bed.
(Received: April 2, 1995 Accepted:July 25, 1995)
Key words: sweat rate, fluid intake, water debt, carbohydrate-electrolyte beverage, Iow-salt meal
　大学運動部員を対象に、運動中及び運動後の水分摂取量の実態を調査し、飲食の記録から食事中水分量も算出した。飲み物の摂取量への嗜好の影響を考え、(a)麦茶（糖分、ナトリウムなし）(b)糖分含有電解液１(c)糖分含有電解液２(d)清涼飲料水（糖分）(e)炭酸飲料（糖分）(f)コーヒー飲料（糖分）(g)牛乳の運動後１時間の摂取量を、また、食塩５ｇの普通食と2.5ｇ低塩食を食べた後〜就寝までの水分摂取量を比較した。結果は以下のようである。
(1) 運動後１時間に自由に水分摂取した後も水負債を解消しきれなかったが、就寝までに１kg以上摂取しており、本研究における発汗程度では運動後の飲食によって水負債を解消出来ると考えられた。
(2) 被験者は麦茶を好んでいたにも関わらず、スポーツドリンク（b、c）及び清涼飲料水（d、e、f）よりも多くは飲めなかった。
(3) 食事中塩分が少ないと水分摂取量が少なくなる傾向がみられた。
キーワード： 発汗量、水分摂取量、水負債、糖分含有電解質溶液（スポーツドリンク）、低塩食
(J.Human and Living Environment), 2(1), 75/81, 1995
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我国住宅の間器量の実態値の推定

池田 耕一
国立公衆衛生院

Estimation of the Present Status of Ventilation Rates in
Residential Buildings in Japan

Koichi IKEDA
The Institute of Public Health

It is now a matter of course to estimate the ventilation rate of each room in the design of build-ing having a central HVAC system because the ventilation rate is widely recognized as one of the most important factors affecting indoor air quality and energy consumption rate. But the ventilation rates of actual buildings in practical use by occupants are not necessarily well known. Such a case is some time happen that the actual ventilation rate is almost zero because of the unexpected use of the occupants while enough rate is assured in the designed value. As it is so even in the case of buildings of which ventilation rates are estimated in the design procedures, we are almost ignorant of the ventilation rates of residential buildings having no HVAC systems. The published data measured in residential buildings are reviewed in order to know the ranges of the ventilation rates expected in actual residential environments. I also have studied about future subjects for the ventilation rate estimation researches and practical problems of the measurements.
(Received: April 3, 1 995 Accepted:June 28, 1 995)
Key words: ventilation, indoor air quality, Iiterature review, residential building
　ほとんど全ての人がその生活時間の大半以上を過ごすにもかかわらず、換気量に関しては、設計段階での検討すらほとんど行われることのないわが国の住宅における換気率の実態把握を推定することを目的として、今までに実施された換気率に関する国内外の主要な実測結果の文献検索を行った。また、換気をめぐる諸問題の考察も行った。
キーワード： 換気、室内空気質、文献調査、住宅
(J.Human and Living Environment), 2(1), 82/91, 1995
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人体モデルを用いた不均一環境の評価に関する研究
その１．放射解析人体モデルの作成と被験者実験

宮崎 靖子、斉藤 信、瀬下 裕
三菱電機株式会社 住環境研究開発センター

A Study on Evaluation of Non-uniform Thermal Environments by Human Body Model
Part 1. Making a Model for the Simulation of the Effect of
the Radiation and an Experiment Using Subjects

Yasuko MIYAZAKI, Makoto SAITO, Yu SESHIMO
Mitsubishi Electric Corporation, Living Environment Systems Laboratory

This paper aims to make the human body model for the simulation of the effect of non-uniform radiation on the human body. The authors decide the shape and size of the human body model, and verify that the angle factors between the model and walls correspond to those for actual persons. The radiant panel is installed around a subject seated in the center of the model room. The temperature of the surface of the radiant panel was set at four different degrees: 10, 25, 40 and 55℃. As for results, the thermal sensation differed from PMV in non-uniform radiation under certain conditions. As the result of evaluation by the human body model, this may be caused by the imbalance in the radiant heat flux in each part of the human body.
(Received: April 28, 1 995 Accepted: July 25, 1 995)
Key words: thermal comfort, human body model, non-uniform radiation, evaluation
　本研究では、人体への不均一放射の影響を解析するための人体モデルを作成した。人体モデルの妥当性を確認するため、Fangerの形態係数データと比較した。さらに、不均一放射環境下における被験者申告実験を行い、被験者申告値とPMV値を比較検討した。その結果、均一環境では被験者申告値とPMV値は良く一致していたが、不均一放射環境下では申告値とPMV値に大きなずれがみられるものが存在した。人体モデルによる部位別評価を行った結果、このずれは人体各部位に入射する放射熱量の不均一さによって引き起こされることが推測され、人体モデルによる不均一放射環境評価の可能性が見いだされた。
キーワード： 温熱適快適性、人体モデル、不均一放射、評価
(J.Human and Living Environment), 2(1), 92/100, 1995
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